Crocodiles are often thought of as living fossils – unchanged over millions of years. New research has shown that their evolutionary history is a lot more complicated than that.

A recent study published in the journal Palaeontology reveals intricate details about the evolutionary history of crocodiles, often labeled as 'living fossils'. This term generally indicates species that appear to have changed little over millions of years, but the findings suggest that these creatures have a complex lineage marked by adaptability and change. Researchers from the University of Central Oklahoma and the University of Utah explored the dietary and ecological adaptability of crocodylomorphs, the ancestors of modern crocodiles, who have survived two significant mass extinctions—the end-Triassic extinction around 201 million years ago and the end-Cretaceous extinction 66 million years ago, which wiped out the non-avian dinosaurs. The key to their survival appears to be their generalist diet and habitat adaptability. Unlike many of their contemporaries that specialized in various ecological niches, modern crocodilians have thrived as semi-aquatic generalists. This adaptability allowed them to navigate through periods of rapid environmental change and food scarcity, directly contributing to their longevity as a group. Researchers examined skulls from an extensive array of both extinct and extant species, helping reconstruct dietary ecologies that shed light on how these creatures managed to endure while many others perished. The implications of this research extend beyond academic curiosity; they are crucial for current conservation efforts. As we face a sixth mass extinction attributed to climate change and habitat loss, understanding the traits that promote survival in species like crocodilians may provide actionable insights for conservationists. The authors emphasize the importance of preserving habitats for existing crocodilians, as their evolutionary traits make them remarkably resilient—but only if given a chance. In essence, the article invites readers not only to reassess the history of crocodiles but also to contemplate our role in ensuring their future survival amidst ongoing environmental challenges. While the news sheds light on the evolutionary success of these reptiles, it also underscores the precarious state of biodiversity in today's world, calling for immediate action in conservation efforts.