Annual survey by IQAir reveals some progress in pollution levels in India and China

The latest World Air Quality Report 2024 from Swiss air quality technology firm IQAir has revealed a mixed picture regarding air pollution levels across the globe, particularly in India and China. Thirteen of the world's 20 most polluted cities are in India, with Byrnihat in Meghalaya at the top of the list. The report highlights that 35% of Indian cities reported annual PM2.5 averages exceeding 10 times the WHO guideline, and while there has been a decline of 7% in PM2.5 concentrations this year, New Delhi remains the most polluted capital city worldwide. India's air pollution situation is alarming, as it ranks as the fifth most polluted country in 2024, a minor improvement from its previous spot at third in 2023. The report indicates a slight overall decline in PM2.5 concentrations, averaging 50.6 μg/m3 compared to 54.4 μg/m3 in the previous year. However, six of the world’s nine most polluted cities are still in India, predominantly located in the northwest, impacting the health and well-being of millions. Severe pollution episodes continued in northern states throughout 2024, with significant levels of PM2.5 recorded due to factors such as crop stubble burning, which accounted for 60% of pollution during peak periods. The judiciary’s acknowledgment that clean air is a fundamental right is indeed a positive step; however, the response from governments has been criticized as insufficient, with many failing to curb pollution effectively despite court mandates. Further complicating the global picture, the report underscores that 17% of cities globally met WHO air quality guidelines, a significant increase from 9% in 2023. However, the majority of the global population still breathes polluted air, signaling an urgent need for policy changes and health initiatives. As we reflect on the data, it’s evident that while some progress has been made, much more needs to be done, particularly in addressing the sources of pollution such as industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, and the prevalent agricultural practices that contribute to PM2.5 levels. This report raises urgent questions regarding public health, especially for vulnerable populations like children, who are significantly impacted by air pollution. In conclusion, ongoing efforts at both local and national levels are essential to combat this public health crisis. The collaboration between governments, non-profit organizations, and the general public will be crucial in striving towards cleaner air. It is imperative that both awareness and actionable measures go hand in hand to improve air quality and public health outcomes. This article has been analyzed and reviewed by artificial intelligence, reinforcing the reality that air quality is not just a statistics problem but a pressing health crisis that demands immediate action.