A 'breathing' cap of magma is stopping one of the largest active volcanic systems in the world from exploding in the US, scientists have discovered.

A significant advancement in the understanding of Yellowstone National Park's volcanic system has been revealed by a research team from Rice University and other institutions, shedding light on the dynamics of this geological marvel. Published in the high-impact journal Nature, this study highlights the presence of a volatile-rich magma cap located approximately 3.8 kilometers beneath Yellowstone, which has sophisticated implications for eruption predictions and volcanic behavior. Previous assumptions about the depth of the magma reservoir ranged from 3 to 8 kilometers, indicating a considerable uncertainty within the geological community. This new finding, brought to light through innovative seismic imaging and modeling techniques, suggests that the cap is not merely a remnant of an ancient reservoir but an actively functioning system maintaining a delicate balance through gas venting. Lead researchers Chenglong Duan and Brandon Schmandt have provided vital insights into how this volatile-rich layer contributes to the park's geothermal features while mitigating eruption risks. The imagery produced indicates that the cap's gas bubbles and partially molten rock create a dynamic system akin to 'steady breathing.' By efficiently venting gases through channels in the rock, Yellowstone may be less likely to erupt, potentially changing the way scientists monitor volcanic activity in the region. This discovery is especially notable as it not only reassures locals about the dangers associated with Yellowstone but also opens collaborative avenues for further geological research, expanding into areas such as carbon storage and geothermal energy ventures. Lastly, the team's perseverance, especially amid the constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and navigating the obstacles of conducting research in a national park, reflects a commendable dedication to uncovering the mysteries of Earth's subsurface. Such work adds a crucial layer of understanding about how natural geological processes function, benefiting various fields of study, and showcasing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. Overall, this is a significant step towards understanding volcanic systems and assessing their potential threats, with implications beyond Yellowstone itself. The meticulous efforts of scientists and their innovative approach to empirical data during challenging times are commendable and deserve recognition.